南京中山陵英文导游词
Dr. Sun Yat-sen guide words
Dear friends, to a place you want to go take a look at some of the most famous and most unique attractions it. Despite Nanjing is known as “the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties” that have “Forty Jinling King” and many other historical sites, but the Dr. Sun Yat-sen is one of the most attractive and most well-known one. Nanjing to, if not to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, it can be said is not true that you have been to Nanjing.
Map:Dr. Sun Yat-sen
Speaking of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, of course, would like to mention the great forerunner of Chinese democratic revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Mr. Sun, whose real name is Sun, the word yat-sen. All foreign friends call him “Dr. Sun Yixian.” Because he engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan used during the “Zhongshan-chiao,” a pseudonym, he was known at home for the Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Dr. Sun Yat-sen in November 1866 in Guangdong was born 12 Xiangshan County (now Zhongshan City) Tsuiheng a farmer’s family. He rarely great ambitions, one after another school in Honolulu and Hong Kong after graduation in Macau, Guangzhou and other places to practice medicine. Later, he abandoned medicine in politics and in 1905 in Japan, Chinese Alliance organization, was elected prime minister, put forward a “Krupp drive space, the restoration of China, the Republic of China was founded, with an average of the right to” a well-known program, and “ethnic, civil rights, people’s livelihood” The theory of the Three People’s Principles. October 10, 1911 after the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Mr. Sun was on behalf of the 17 provinces elected provisional president of the Republic of China and Nanjing in the New Year’s Day the following year and sworn into office. Since then, Taoyuan protect the country and has gone through, “second revolution”, “law enforcement campaign” ups and downs, in Guangzhou in 1921, he became President of the Republic of China is very big. In January 1924 in Guangzhou of the Chinese Kuomintang held its first National Congress, he proposed a “joint Russian, Soviet Union, agricultural and industrial assistance,” the three most widely. In November the same year he should be ill at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang the north to discuss plans for the country, broken down from constant overwork due to end in March 12, 1925 passed away in Beijing.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s tomb was the site chosen by Mr. Sun during his lifetime. Here the open horizon, the magnificent weather, the former Chuan Lin-ping, Cheung Tsing over after, Feng Shui is a treasure. You may ask: “Mr. Sun was born in Canton, passed away in Beijing, Nanjing, why should we choose as his final resting place?”
It is said that as early as the spring day in 1912, Sun Yat-sen and Hu Ming Xiaoling and others to the hunting area, when he was around, around, said: “The day I died, would like to beg people to take up in both hands in this land, Seoul by the resettlement body. ” Of course, the Purple Mountain momentum Mr. Sun Feng Shui is not a decision of the root causes. Mr. Sun asked about death: “Wu Si, may be buried in the foothills of the Nanjing Zijin, Nanjing, as a result of the establishment of the interim government, so also did not forget the Revolution.” As a result, he has chosen for the Tomb of the Nanjing Purple Mountain site, fundamentally speaking, to mark Revolution, revolution inspire colleagues.
Respect to Mr. Sun’s last wish by the Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke, and other members of the preparatory office of Sun Yat-sen’s burial site matter View, select the site Mausoleum, 2000 acres zoned to repair the tomb, hanging newspaper award, collecting mausoleum design. Among the many candidates, the young architect’s design Lu straight big bell-shaped pattern was the same as the first prize, he has been hired as the architect of the Dr. Sun Yat-sen. March 12, 1926 death of Mr. Sun first anniversary of the foundation stone laying ceremony was held. 3, which lasted more than a year at a cost of more than 240 million silver dollar, and finally completed in the spring of 1929. June 1, 1929, held a grand ceremony of the Feng An, Mr. Sun has been buried here.
Lu Shandongdongping is straight, was born in 1894, the Department of Architecture of Qinghua University in the early years after graduation, went to Cornell University study, the United States well-known architects Murphy’s guidance. He designed the Sun Yat-sen, only 31 years old. The awards seek hanging mausoleum design, known as the Chinese people at that time was unprecedented in the history of the construction of a major design competition, Lu high on the list as a result of direct and great reputations. Later, he also designed the Guangzhou Zhongshan Memorial Hall. Unfortunately, he presided over the construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, hard, and spared no efforts in the unfortunate death of the project drawing to a close, as young as 35 years old.
Lu Sun Yat-sen been designed, plans were large bell-shaped, in order to give the alarm bell ringing, the thought of a sense of moral revolution has yet to succeed, the comrades still have to work hard. Simple and solid construction as a whole, in line with the concept of China, a blend of Western architecture, very much in line with Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s spirit and the spirit.
It can be said that the construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing City is a major event in the history of the building. Mr. Sun was in order to meet the coffin, Nanjing, the construction of the first asphalt road - from Zhongshan West Pier, the east gate of Zhongshan, as long as 24 years in the mountain. To this day, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing is still one of the main roads. At the same time, transforming the renovation of the Ming Shing Mun Chaoyang, and was renamed Zhongshan for the door. Zhongshan in the door between the Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is also building a road. Parisians like their Champs-Elysees for the proud people of New York’s Fifth Avenue, their pride, their own people in Nanjing city beautiful boulevard is the most proud of. And the 3 km-long road of the cemetery is no doubt that Nanjing is the best representative of the boulevard. In this article, “promenade shade” on both sides of the planting of street trees in Nanjing, the most important - the Indus. Indus tree, Platanus scientific name, although people used to call it on the plane, but Tracing to its source, but its China we are the “products” miles. Because then the French would be brought home from Yunnan, and transplanted to the French Concession in Shanghai, only now got such a Tuyangjiehe name.
Zhongshan, a car door, along Cemetery Road, is the front end of the Dr. Sun Yat-sen before the semi-circular plaza. Please look to the south, due south plaza is a Shitai octagonal, for the reinforced concrete structure, set outside the Suzhou Shi Jinshan. Taiwan’s three points, each with Wai Shilan, the ears of both feet on the stage that respect Bonding of copper, 10,000 have re-jin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial is one of the building. Ding cast in the autumn of 1933 by Sun Yat-sen University staff and students at the time of Sun Yat-sen University and president of the KMT veteran Dai Jitao donation. Ding-a-cast “, benevolent and courageous” three words, Sun Yat-sen University is the school motto. Ding has a hexagonal shaft in the bronze medal, engraved on the mother to wear hand-written “Book of Filial Piety,” the full text.
Set foot on the stone steps from the Plaza, is a head-on into a stone-arch. The arch was built in 1929-1931, 12 meters high, 17.3 meters wide, it can be seen the rise of the middle of the amount of gold “love”. Mr. Sun is the word original handwriting, from the original Tang Dynasty writer Han Yu “Formosa”, “love for the Hui”, reflects the Sun Yat-sen “Tianxiaweigong, public and the world,” the bourgeois democratic ideas. Mr. Sun said to his favorite topic of the word away. Mr. Sun life to the great bourgeois democratic revolution, committed to the spirit of fraternity, before and after decades, the nation’s struggle for independence and freedom, is always flooded, you can say “love” is the word of a highly condensed summary of his life and the best portrayal.
Square by the fraternity to move forward, is 480 meters long section of the Mudao. Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s overall design, highlighting the traditional Chinese style, with a solemn silence, unique. In order to embody the noble great Mr. Sun, Sun Yat-sen used the ancient mountains and hills to the practice of tomb building about 158 meters above sea level at the top all-Ling. In addition, the vegetation hill of the building about symmetry axis, but also to give people a sense of solemn Fadu. Let us look forward and down the north slope, followed by a door-ling, Beiting, the Festival Hall and Festival Hall after the tomb’s construction, and so on. We on both sides of these cedar, pine and cypress, ginkgo, red maple phase on February 2, instead of the usual ancient Shirengou Shishou better symbol of Mr. Sun’s revolutionary spirit and noble qualities. This is one of the world’s four major cedar trees to watch one of the city of Nanjing has become a tree.
Mudao at the end of the three grand arches, is a hill that is the beginning of the mausoleum doors. It is 16 meters high and 27 meters wide, 8.8 meters into the deep, but also by Fujian to build into the granite. Banners on the door of Dr. Sun Yat-sen is a hand-written “Tianxiaweigong” from “The Book of Rites? Li Yun” in the “road trip also, Tianxiaweigong”, meaning that state power is not one of the world where, but the world The world’s people, the people of the world. This is a life-long struggle of Mr. Sun’s ideals, but also his advocacy of civil rights in the Three Principles of the People’s excellent comments.
After the door is the tomb Beiting. Pavilion middle of this giant 9-meter high monument, engraved with the KMT veteran Tan Yankai hand-written “18 years of the Republic of China on June 1 funeral of the Chinese Kuomintang Prime Minister Mr. Sun this,” the 24 gold-filled characters in italics. Originally built on, by Wang Jingwei, Hu and others were written inscriptions, such as the epitaph. Can be spent two years did not write it down. We all believe that the President is thinking of the merits of the text can not be summed up, so they simply refuse to write inscriptions, to use in its present form. Beiting out, in the face of layer upon layer of stone steps. Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing is a common saying among the steps such as the “Lion Bridge - countless.” So to come here to visit the guests often ask: Dr. Sun Yat-sen, how many steps it? Dear friends, we may as well just tell you what they have to, how? The answer will tell you, and so on.
Fifth came to the platform layer, you can see a pair of big Tongding, engraved on the “Feng An Ceremony”, was donated by the municipal government of Shanghai in particular. Us to take a closer look, you will find that the left-ting that the following two holes. Why is it so? It turned out that the Japanese army captured Nanjing in late 1937 when the shells breakdown, in other words, the two-hole is a crater left by that time. Today, although the long passage of time, but the two always remind us of the crater not forget national humiliation. In the seventh floor of the platform on both sides, there are a pair of man-made stone lions like copper.
Rising, finally boarded the Office of the big-top platform. Songtao off here, I find the great man with the spirit world with the deposit. Love from the Festival Hall Square to a total of 392 steps, the height difference of about 70 meters, the size of a total of 10 platform. Even better is that from the point of view when I looked to the top, continuous stone, no platform; and now you look down, it is not level, the only platform. Deng-line all the way, “Gaoshanyangzhi, Jingxing behavior”, though not to my heart’s longing, admiration can not help feeling felt. Now we can see both sides of the platform also about a pair of antique bronze tripod, then by the son of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Sun King Branch of the gifts.
It is now the face of the Festival Hall and is the tomb, which is the main part of the tomb. Festival Hall is a fusion of Chinese and Western architectural style of the palace-style building, 30 meters long, 25 meters wide, 29 meters high, surrounded by a fortress-like house parties, and two 12.6 m high marble pillar for the Guardian. Zhong Yan Festival Hall for the nine roof ridge, and follow-blue glazed tile, granite wall in Hong Kong with the entire structure. Festival Hall door on the amount of “nation” and “Future”, “civil rights” Yang Wen Zhuanzi for the KMT by veteran Zhang Jingjiang, which Mr. Sun is engaged in revolutionary activities in the most general terms the most basic guiding principle. Top of the door in the middle, and hand-written Sun Yat-sen’s “Heaven and Earth righteousness,” the fourth straight amount.
I invite you to enter Festival Hall. Festival Hall in-house production in Yunnan white marble flooring. There are 0.8 meters in diameter halls of the 12 columns of black, surrounded by a wall under a black marble inlay. We can see two things on the wall engraved with the Sun Yat-sen’s hand-written “outline the founding of” the full text. Festival Hall is the center of Sun Yat-sen mandarin robes of a stone seated body, such as 4.6 meters high, 2.1 meters wide base. The statue was a world-renowned French sculptor Paul Lang Poland Tesi Ji Sun Yat-sen’s burial matter by the Preparatory Committee entrusted with Whitehead sculpture from Italy, and autopoietic in 1930 from Paris to Win The hills, all the cost of 1,500,000 francs. Seated on all sides under the 6 relief intercepted Mr. Sun is engaged in revolutionary activities of the screen 6. They are: “hold, such as pure” and “propaganda abroad”, “to discuss the revolution”, “Congress granted China and India” and “deafening” and “protect the country and Taoyuan.”
Hall came to the tomb after a festival. Mumen 2 hours, 2 is the first insurance copper doors, door and doornail Tonghuan animal on the very traditional Chinese characteristics. Lintel carved on the “noble spirit forever,” banners to take Sun Yat-sen Tomb Huanghuagang written manuscripts. The second door only for the fans Tong Men, written by Zhang Jingjiang engraved with “Dr. Sun Yat-sen Tomb,” Zhuanzi seven.
Tomb is closed hemispherical architecture, was the top Western-style dome-shaped, with mosaic patterns emblem set into the KMT. Indoor round, marble shop in order to direct about 18 meters, 11 meters high, with walls of pink marble veneer. The middle of the round marble tomb with a diameter of 4.33 meters, 1.7 meters deep, surrounded by 1 meter high white marble railings. Khouang placed inside the tomb on security of Sun Yat-sen’s tunic dress lying like marble, which is a high-chi by the Czech sculptor, Mr. Sun made the image of the body. Mr. Sun’s copper coffin lying in about 5 meters as the next Department. Why sacrifice the halls wearing a robe and seated mandarin jacket, and here is a Chinese tunic suit to wear it? KMT was originally about two conflicts, led by Chiang Kai-shek against the right-wing of the Democratic Revolution wants to back, wearing a robe and mandarin jacket that statue; and left-wing advocates wear tunic, the last two views are to be used at the same time.
Dear friends, Mr. Sun also whether the remains of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, which is to every visitor here are most concerned about. March 12, 1925 Mr. Sun’s death, his embalmed body, the Beijing Xiangshan Biyun Si temporary resting place until May 28, 1929, by the coffin from the Beijing Railway Jinpu Pukou arrived in Hunan Road headquarters Three days after the memorial, the coffin was moved to Sun Yat-sen, in the June 1 held a grand ceremony Feng An. The remains of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, an American-made copper coffin Sheng mortuary, buried in the tomb chamber tomb under 5 meters deep inside the rectangular tomb. On the eve of liberation, wanted to be the remains of Chiang Kai-shek moved to Taiwan. However, due to blasting is bound to damage the remains grave, then gave up the idea, so that can be safely preserved remains of Dr. Sun Yat-sen so far.
Festival Square outside the Church along the west side of the posterior wall of one side door, leading to the back garden. Ding for the tomb, was hemispherical. Back wall with “Dr. Sun Yat-sen Historical building”, nearly 200 valuable historical data to show the construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the remains of Dr. Sun Yat-sen from the security process.
In addition to the mausoleum of the main building, there are still some around the Sun Yat-sen Memorial construction of facilities, including Canon floor, music, light Huating, revolves booth, Yang Zhi-ting, Xie Hui flow, and so on. They are Fengan in 1929 after the ceremony, people from all walks of life and overseas Chinese friends from the construction of contributions.
Dear friends, for the life of Dr. Sun Yat-sen revolutionary struggle to overthrow a thousand years of feudal monarchy and established the Democratic Republic of the bourgeoisie, a great feats, but also won the progress of Chinese and foreign wide praise and support. After the liberation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen by the country attached great importance to the State Council was announced in 1961 a national key cultural unit.
Now, at home and abroad as a renowned tourism resort Memorial, Dr. Sun Yat-sen received each year from all over the world countless Chinese people and international friends. People with a sense of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s spirit of the great respect and admiration here paid respects to pay. United to form the general trend and popular feeling today, in the face of the current status quo across the Taiwan Strait, Chinese people are sincerely looking forward to the reunification of the motherland, prosperity arrival of the day as soon as possible. He carved Bishi, if there is to know Mr. Sun Quan Xia, also will sleep with a smile!
